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Reaction to Treaty and Civil War

Arthur Griffith, Eamon De Valera, Dublin Lord Mayor Laurence O'Neill and Michael Collins seated at a G.A.A. match in Croke Park, Dublin.

Following the signing of the treaty the cabinet met and strong discussions were held, with the most serious issues being around the abandonment of the Irish republic and the recognition of the King as Head of State. After talks, the cabinet split four to three in favour of the treaty. 

After the cabinet discussions, the issue was then put to the Dáil. The debate over whether to accept or reject the treaty lasted until early January 1922. Eventually, the Dáil marginally voted in favour of the treaty - 64 to 57. 

Plate commemorating the death of Michael John Collins in August 1922, a casualty of the Irish Civil War. © IWM (EPH 7941)

Plate commemorating the death of Michael John Collins in August 1922, a casualty of the Irish Civil War. © IWM (EPH 7941)

Once approved, the treaty cast a large shadow over Irish politics and life.

The treaty led to: 

  • The resignation of Eamon de Valera as President of the Dáil.

  • The establishment of a provisional government.

  • A general election which divided the country.

  • A civil war that lasted until the 24th May 1923 that resulted in the death of over 4,000 individuals including Michael Collins.